COP28 faced mixed reactions as over 120 nations pledged to transition from fossil fuels, but China and India, major emitters, hesitated to endorse tripling renewable energy by 2030. China, having already expanded renewables significantly, finds the goal challenging. India, with lower per capita emissions, deems it unfair to meet the same standards as developed nations. Concerns also arise about China's energy efficiency commitments and reluctance to update domestic targets.
COP28 concluded with a Global Stocktake agreement, urging a transition from fossil fuels but using ambiguous language (and perceived loopholes). While some hailed it as the end of the fossil fuel era, many expressed uttered frustration due to a lack of a clear call for a fossil-fuel phase-out this decade (a must if we are not to breach 1.5*C climate target). Controversies arose from oil-producing nations resisting fossil fuel language. Concerns also lingered about insufficient funding for climate-vulnerable countries and potential reliance on transitional fuels.
At COP28 in Dubai, an agreement was reached among nearly all nations to transition away from fossil fuels, marking the first such consensus in 28 years of climate negotiations. The commitment is part of the inaugural "global stocktake" under the Paris Agreement. (Developing nations were disappointed by the absence of new financial commitments. The UAE's presidency faced controversy over allegations of using COP28 for secret oil-and-gas deals, overshadowing the achievements. A fund for climate change "loss and damage" was established.)
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